原标题：男人也有生殖生物钟：科学家建议35岁前冷冻精子

大家都知道高龄母亲所面临的生育困难和生育风险，但很少有人会去考虑高龄父亲对孩子的影响。

新研究发现，其实男性也有生育年龄极限，高龄父亲不仅生育能力会下降，而且所育的子女患先天性心脏病、自闭症、癫痫等并发症的风险也更高。

那么多少岁会被定义为高龄父亲呢？答案可能会让你大吃一惊。

PhotobyFilipMrozonUnsplash

It’susuallywomenwhoareburdenedwiththebiologicalclockconcept,butnewresearchsuggestsmenmayalsohaveatimelimitonhavingchildren.

人们通常认为女性才会被生殖生物钟所累，但新研究指出，男性也有生育年龄极限。

AccordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalMaturitas,menshouldconsiderbankingtheirspermbeforereaching“advancedpaternalage”,whichhasbeenvariablydefinedasabovetheageof35or45inmedicalfields.

Thisisbecausemenolderthanthismayexperiencedecreasedfertility,thestudystates,andputtheirfemalepartnersathigherriskofanumberofpregnancyandbirthingcomplications,suchasgestationaldiabetes,pre-eclampsiaandpretermbirth.

研究指出，这是因为超出生殖高龄的男性生殖能力会下降，并会增加女性伴侣孕期和分娩并发症的风险，比如妊娠糖尿病、先兆子痫和早产。

Additionally,infantsborntoolderfathersmayalsobeathigherriskofanumberofconditions,suchascongenitalheartdisease,newbornseizuresandlowbirthweight.

此外，高龄父亲所育的婴儿患上先天性心脏病、新生儿癫痫和出生体重过低等多种疾病的风险也更高。

Thestudyalsofoundthatsomeofthesechildrenweremorelikelytodevelopcertaincancersandcognitivedisorders,suchasautism.

研究还发现，父亲年龄偏大的一些孩子更容易患上某些癌症和自闭症等认知障碍疾病。

Thestudyreviewed40yearsworthofresearchtoreachitsconclusionsontheeffectspaternalagehadonfertility,pregnancyandhealthofchildren.

该研究回顾了40年间的研究成果，最后总结出了父亲的年龄对生殖能力、怀孕和子女健康的影响。

LeadauthorGloriaBachmann,directoroftheWomen’sHealthInstituteatRutgersRobertWoodJohnsonMedicalSchool,commented:“Whileitiswidelyacceptedthatphysiologicalchangesthatoccurinwomenafter35canaffectconception,pregnancyandthehealthofthechild,mostmendonotrealizetheiradvancedagecanhaveasimilarimpact.”

Inadditiontoadvancingpaternalagebeingassociatedwithanincreasedriskofmaleinfertility,thereappearstobeotheradversechangesthatmayoccurtothespermwithageing.

Forexample,justaspeoplelosemusclestrength,flexibilityandendurancewithage,inmen,spermalsotendtolose‘fitness’overthelifecycle.”

Asforthereasonsbehindthis,Bachmannsuspectsit’sdowntothenaturaldeclineintestosteronelevelsmanexperienceastheyage,inadditiontoareductioninsemenquality.

至于这一现象背后的原因，巴赫曼怀疑是因为男性变老时睾酮水平随之自然下降，与此同时精液质量也降低了。

Whenmenagetheybecomemorepredisposedtospermdegradation,thestudyfound,which,duringconception,canleadtohereditymutationsintheDNAcellsoftheoffspringthatpromptanumberofdisorders.

predisposed[,pri:di'spuzd]:adj.先有倾向的，先有意向的

PhotobyMikaelStenbergonUnsplash

Althoughitiswelldocumentedthatchildrenofolderfathersaremorelikelytobediagnosedwithschizophrenia–onein141infantswithfathersunder25versusonein47withfathersover50–thereasonisnotwellunderstood,”addsBachmann.

巴赫曼补充说：“尽管有翔实的文献记载，高龄父亲的子女更可能被诊断出精神分裂症——年龄不到25岁的男性生育的孩子患病率为141分之一，而年过五十的男性生育的孩子患病率为25分之一。不过人们对其中的原因还不是很了解。”

Also,somestudieshaveshownthattheriskofautismstartstoincreasewhenthefatheris30,plateausafter40andthenincreasesagainat50.”

“此外，一些研究显示，男性年过三十后，所生育子女的自闭症风险开始增加，年过四十后，所育子女的自闭症风险趋于平稳，年逾五十后自闭症风险又继续攀升。”

Bachmannalsopointedoutthatwomentendtobemoreactivewiththeirreproductivehealththanmen,whorarelyconsultaphysicianunlesstheyhaveanobviousfertilityissue.

巴赫曼还指出，女性对自身的生殖健康一般持有更积极的心态，而男性只有在出现明显的生育能力问题时才会去看医生。

Inlightofthefindings,ScienceDailyreportstheobstetricsandgynaecologyspecialistrecommendsthatmenwhoplanondelayingfatherhoodconsiderbankingspermbeforetheir35thbirthdaytodecreasethechancesofhealthcomplicationsdowntheline.

Inlightof:根据；鉴于

Theresearchfoundthatfathersolderthan35wereatahigherriskforcomplicationssuchaslowbirthweightandseizures.

该研究发现，男性年龄超过35岁时生育出的子女患上出生体重过低和癫痫等并发症的风险更高。

英文来源：独立报

翻译编辑：丹妮

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